Integrating spatial and social characteristics in the DPSIR framework for the sustainable management of river basins: case study of the Katari River Basin, Bolivia

The drivers–pressures–state–impact–responses (DPSIR) framework has been used widely to support environmental policy developments. However, we argue that DPSIR tends oversimplify the complexity behind socio-ecological systems. Based on Katari River Basin in Bolivia, explore how incorporation of spatial and social considerations may enhance applications. results reveal a mismatch between driving forces/pressures responses, severe impacts vulnerable communities. Moreover, also show local levels tend be neglected. study concludes integrating characteristics result valuable implications for river basin management practitioners.